Tagged with 'breastfeeding'

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August is National Breastfeeding Awareness Month and the week of August 1^st-7^th is World Breastfeeding Week. This campaign is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is celebrated by over 170 countries to encourage breastfeeding and improve the health of babies around the world.

Why Breastfeed?

Breastfeeding is the best way to provide infants with the nutrients they need. The World Health Organization and American Academy of Pediatrics recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. Exclusive means only breastmilk—no formula. Nutritious complementary foods should then be added at six months old while continuing to breastfeed for the first year and beyond.

Babies who are exclusively breastfed for six months are less likely to develop ear infections, diarrhea and respiratory illnesses, and may be less likely to develop childhood obesity.

Mom also receives many benefits, such as a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and ovarian and breast cancers.

WBW 2015 Theme

This year’s theme is Breastfeeding and Work: Let’s Make It Work! The focus is on supporting women to combine breastfeeding and work. Whether a woman is working in the formal, non-formal, or home setting, it’s necessary she feel empowered to claim her and her baby’s right to breastfeed.

This year’s theme actually revisits the 1993 WBW campaign on the Mother-Friendly Workplace Initiative. Much has been achieved in 22 years of global action supporting women and breastfeeding in the workplace. We’ve seen more initiative to set up breastfeeding or mother-friendly workplaces, and breastfeeding and breast-pumping stations.

Elements to Support Women Breastfeeding in the Workplace

Whether you’re a breastfeeding mom or supporting one, there are three necessary factors that determine success in any kind of work setting.

#1) Time

• Paid maternity leave of at least three months to establish exclusive breastfeeding. When leave is shorter, women need a means to extend their maternity leave period so they can be with their babies, combining fully paid, unpaid or some other form of leave.

#2) Space/Proximity

• Infant or child-care at or near the workplace would be ideal. Some big corporation do have childcare on site, which is a blessing when it comes to breastfeeding. All a woman needs at that point is “Time” to leave work to breastfeed.

• If a mom needs to pump, having a private place at or near the worksite is very important.

#3) Support

• Mothers want to feel supported about their decision to breastfeed. Support from employers, management, superiors and co-workers in terms of positive attitudes towards pregnancy, motherhood and breastfeeding in public are important for successful breastfeeding.

• Provide women with information about national maternity laws and benefits, as well as maternity policies offered at the workplace.

• Help set up a workplace environment that makes a woman feel comfortable breastfeeding or pumping milk while at work.

A lot of progress can be made in this area if we all work together to adequately combine work with child-rearing, particularly breastfeeding. Ultimately, our whole society benefits from having healthier mothers, babies and children when breastfeeding is promoted, protected and supported. 

If you want more information, the World Health Organization has some nice information about World Breastfeeding Week. 

In Health and Happiness,

Kelly Harrington, MS, RDN

Registered Dietitian Nutritionist for Healthy Goods

Zinc is called an “essential trace element” because it's necessary for numerous chemical processes that take place within a cell. It is required for the activity of approximately 100 enzymes and it plays a role in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell division. Zinc also supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence and is required for proper sense of taste and smell. To maintain a steady state of zinc, daily intake is required because our bodies don’t have a specialized system for storing zinc.

There are six instances when people are at risk of zinc deficiency or inadequacy. Supplemental zinc may be appropriate in certain situations.

People with Gastrointestinal and Other Diseases

Digestive disorders such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and short bowel syndrome, can decrease zinc absorption. Other diseases associated with zinc deficiency include malabsorption syndrome, chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, sickle cell disease, diabetes, malignancy, and other chronic illnesses. Chronic diarrhea also leads to excessive loss of zinc.

Vegetarians

The bioavailability of zinc from vegetarian diets is lower than from non-vegetarian diets because vegetarians do not eat meat, which is high in bioavailable zinc and may enhance zinc absorption. In addition, vegetarians typically eat high levels of legumes and whole grains, which contain phytates that bind zinc and inhibit absorption.

Vegetarians sometimes require as much as 50% more of the RDA for zinc than non-vegetarians.

Pregnant and Lactating Women

Pregnant women, particularly those starting their pregnancy with borderline zinc status, are at increased risk of becoming zinc insufficient due, in part, to high fetal requirements for zinc. Lactation can also deplete maternal zinc stores. For those reasons, the RDA for zinc is higher for pregnant and lactating women than for other women.

Older Infants Who Are Exclusively Breastfed

Breastmilk provides sufficient zinc (2 mg/day) for the first 4-6 months of life but does not provide recommended amounts of zinc for infants aged 7-12 months, who need 3 mg/day. In addition to breastmilk, infants aged 7-12 months should consume age-appropriate foods or formula containing zinc. Zinc supplementation has improved the growth rate in some children who demonstrate mild-to-moderate growth failure and who have a zinc deficiency.

People with Sickle Cell Disease

Results from a large cross-sectional survey suggest 44% of children with sickle cell disease have a low plasma zinc concentration, possibly due to increased nutrient requirements and/or poor nutritional status. Zinc deficiency also affects approximately 60%-70% of adults with sickle cell disease. Zinc supplementation has been shown to improve growth in children with sickle cell disease.

Alcoholics

Approximately 30%-50% of alcoholics have low zinc status because ethanol consumption decreases intestinal absorption of zinc and increases urinary zinc excretion. In addition, the variety and amount of food consumed by many alcoholics is limited, leading to inadequate zinc intake.

Foods Containing Zinc

A wide variety of foods in the American diet contain zinc. Oysters contain more zinc per serving than any other food, but red meat and poultry provide the majority of zinc. Other good food sources include chickpeas, kidney beans, almonds, cashews, certain types of seafood, such as crab and lobster, whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals, cheese, milk, and yogurt.

Aside from eating well-balanced, nutritious foods everyday, if you feel you are at risk of zinc deficiency, talk to your health care provider. 

In Health and Happiness,

Kelly Harrington, MS, RDN

Registered Dietitian Nutritionist for Healthy Goods

Reference:

1. National Institutes of Health; Office of Dietary Supplements. Zinc: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals 

I’ve always heard breastfeeding burns something like 500 calories per day. That’s comparable to exercising for an hour every day! I’ll take it! However, in reality, I’m about 6 months into this exclusively breastfeeding gig, which is not easy might I add, and I’m slightly disappointed in something…the pregnancy weight isn’t melting right off as promised. Grrrr! I lost weight initially, but am still holding onto 10-12 pounds that just won’t budge. 

What is going on? Is the weight loss promise a big ‘ol myth? 

I did some digging to get to the bottom of this and found...

9 interesting tidbits about the impact of breastfeeding on mom's weight loss:   

1.  Research on this topic varies, but the one thing it has in common…the relationship between breastfeeding and losing the weight gained while pregnant remains unclear.  

2.  The results from a review of 35+ studies about breastfeeding and weight loss found the available evidence challenges the widely held belief that breastfeeding promotes weight loss. (1)

3.  On the other hand, according to the La Leche League, breastfeeding women who eat to appetite lose weight at the rate of 1.3 to 1.6 pounds per month in the first 4 to 6 months, but there is a wide variation in the weight loss experience of lactating women (some women gain weight during lactation). Women who continue breastfeeding beyond 4 to 6 months ordinarily continue to lose weight, but at a slower rate than during the first 4 to 6 months. (2) 

4.  Moms who exclusively breastfed lost more weight than moms who did not exclusively breastfeed. (3, 4)

5.  Breastfeeding mothers tend to lose more weight when their babies are three to six months old than formula-feeding mothers who consume fewer calories. (5) Another study of mothers at one month postpartum found that mothers who breastfed (either exclusively or partially) had slimmer hips and weighed less than women whose babies received only formula. (6)

6.  Frequency and duration matter. The more frequent you breastfeed and the longer you breastfeed (ie: number of months) is associated with more postpartum weight loss. (7)   

7.  Just exercising while breastfeeding does not promote weight loss as effectively as the combination of exercise plus decreasing calorie intake. (8) 

8.  Good news, gradual weight loss does not negatively affect milk production and exercise has little effect on breast milk composition. In fact, one study showed exercising women having a slightly higher milk volume. (9)  

9.  Losing weight quickly is not ideal anyway. According to Breastfeeding and Human Lactation, rapid weight loss should be avoided because fat-soluble environmental contaminants and toxins stored in body fat are released into the milk when caloric intake is severely restricted. I certainly don’t want that! (10) 

Bottom Line: Breastfeeding does help you lose the weight you gained during pregnancy, but breastfeeding in itself is not a weight loss program. Our bodies are not all equal and some breastfeeding women will respond differently to nursing than others. Losing weight will also require healthy eating and some exercise.

What about other moms out there...did breastfeeding help you lose weight? I’d love to hear your story.

In Health and Happiness,

Kelly Harrington, MS, RDN

Registered Dietitian Nutritionist for Healthy Goods

References:

1.  Neville CE et al.  The relationship between breastfeeding and postpartum weight change-a systematic review and critical evaluation.  Int J Obes (Lond).  2013 Jul 29.

2.  Subcommittee on Nutrition during Lactation, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Nutrition During Lactation Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1991 p.15, 74, 140.

3.  Samano R, et al.  Effects of breastfeeding on weight loss and recovery of pregestational weight in adolescent and adult mothers.  Food Nutr Bull.  2013 Jun;34(2): 123-30.

4.  Baker JL et al.  Breastfeeding reduces postpartum weight retention. Am J Clin Nutr.  2008 Dec;88(6): 1543-1551.

5.  Dewey et al.  Maternal weight-loss patterns during prolonged lactation.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;58: 162-6.   

6.  Kramer, F. et al. Breastfeeding reduces maternal lower-body fat J Am Diet Assoc. 1993;93(4):429-33.

7.  Da Silva MD, et al.  Breastfeeding and maternal weight changes during 24 months post-partum:  a cohort study.  Matern Child Nutr.  2013 Aug 14.

8.  Lovelady C, et al.   Balancing exercise and food intake with lactation to promote post-partum weight loss.  Proc Nutr Soc.  2011 May;70(2):181-4. 

9.  Lovelady C. et al. Lactation performance of exercising women. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 52: 103-1.

10.  Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. 3^rd Edition, Riordan, p. 440.